Lecanorales

Lecanorales is an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. Its members include familiar genera such as Lecanora and Cladonia.

Lichen: A stable association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually an alga or cyanobacterium. Most Lecanorales species form lichens through partnerships with photosynthetic organisms.
Lecanora: A genus of crust-forming lichens in the order Lecanorales. It is the order's namesake genus and includes common crustose lichens.
Lichen reproduction: The processes by which lichens produce and disperse fungal or symbiotic propagules. Lecanorales species spread either with both partners together or through fungal spores.
Lecanorales taxonomy: The classification of Lecanorales genera and species using morphology, chemistry, and molecular evidence. Its boundaries and internal groups have changed as DNA evidence reshaped fungal classification.
Lecanoromycetes: A class of ascomycete fungi containing most known lichen-forming fungi. Lecanorales is one order within this broader fungal class.
Cladonia: A genus of lichens with often upright or cup-shaped secondary growths, in Lecanorales. Its distinctive forms include reindeer lichens and British soldiers.
Soredium: A small lichen propagule containing fungal hyphae and photosynthetic cells. Soredia disperse complete symbiotic units in several Lecanorales lichens.
Molecular phylogenetics: The study of evolutionary relationships using DNA and other molecular data. Molecular phylogenies have clarified relationships among Lecanorales families and genera.
Ascomycota: A fungal phylum whose members produce sexual spores in saclike structures called asci. Lecanorales belongs to this phylum of fungi.
Parmelia: A genus of leafy lichens in the order Lecanorales. Its foliose species are familiar examples of the order's varied growth forms.

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