Leningrad

Leningrad was the official name of Saint Petersburg from 1924 to 1991. The city retained its historic name during the German siege of World War II.

Vladimir Lenin: Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary and the founding leader of Soviet Russia. The city was renamed in his honor shortly after his death.
Siege of Leningrad: The Siege of Leningrad was a German-led blockade of the city from September 1941 to January 1944. The city’s Soviet name became globally associated with this prolonged ordeal.
1991 Saint Petersburg renaming referendum: The 1991 Saint Petersburg renaming referendum was a public vote that favored restoring the city’s historic name. It initiated the formal return from Leningrad to Saint Petersburg.
Olga Berggolts: Olga Berggolts was a Soviet poet and radio broadcaster whose work became closely associated with besieged Leningrad. Her broadcasts and poetry voiced the city’s endurance during the blockade.
Petrograd: Petrograd was the name of Saint Petersburg from 1914 to 1924. It was the city’s name immediately before Leningrad.
Road of Life: The Road of Life was the supply route across Lake Ladoga to besieged Leningrad. It sustained the city when land routes were cut off.
Saint Petersburg in the Soviet era: Saint Petersburg in the Soviet era describes the city’s political, social, and cultural history under Soviet rule. The Leningrad period shaped the city far beyond its official name.
Leningrad Codex: The Leningrad Codex is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible preserved in its original language. Despite sharing the name, this manuscript is unrelated to the Russian city.
Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg is a Russian city on the Gulf of Finland, founded by Peter the Great in 1703. Leningrad was one historical name of this same city.
Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive: The Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive was a Soviet campaign in early 1944 that ended the siege. Its success liberated the city while it was still called Leningrad.

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