Knowra Leon M. Lederman Leon M. Lederman Leon M. Lederman was an American experimental physicist who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics for neutrino-beam research and the discovery of the muon neutrino.
Melvin Schwartz : An American physicist who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize for demonstrating the muon neutrino with a neutrino beam. Schwartz co-led the neutrino experiment with Lederman and Jack Steinberger.
Muon neutrino : An elementary particle that accompanies muons in weak interactions and is distinct from the electron neutrino. Its identification was the central result of Lederman’s Nobel-winning experiment.
Fermilab : A United States particle-physics laboratory near Chicago, home to the Tevatron and major neutrino experiments. Lederman directed the laboratory during its growth into a leading accelerator center.
1988 Nobel Prize in Physics : The Nobel Prize awarded to Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for neutrino-beam research. The prize recognized the experiment that established the muon neutrino.
Jack Steinberger : A German-American physicist who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize for neutrino-beam research. Steinberger co-led the experiment that established the muon neutrino.
Neutrino beam : A directed stream of neutrinos produced by particle interactions, commonly using decaying mesons. The experiment used a pion-derived beam to test what particles neutrinos produced.
National Accelerator Laboratory : The institution now known as Fermilab, established to build and operate high-energy particle accelerators. Lederman became its director in 1970 and oversaw its early scientific program.
J/ψ meson : A particle composed of a charm quark and charm antiquark, discovered independently in 1974. Lederman’s group found the particle at Fermilab, one of the discoveries that established charm.
Richard Garwin : An American physicist known for contributions to particle physics, national security, and science policy. Garwin was Lederman’s doctoral adviser at Columbia University.
Two-neutrino experiment : The 1962 experiment that showed muon-associated neutrinos produce muons rather than electrons. Lederman, Schwartz, and Steinberger designed this experiment to establish a second neutrino type.
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