Levant

The Levant is the eastern Mediterranean region commonly comprising Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine. Its boundaries vary across historical and scholarly usage.

Eastern Mediterranean: The eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea and its surrounding lands. The Levant is the land region on this basin’s eastern shore.
Natufian culture: A late Epipaleolithic culture of the Levant, associated with settled communities and early plant cultivation. It shows how communities in the region began settling before agriculture became widespread.
Levantine Arabic: A group of Arabic dialects spoken in the Levant. These dialects connect communities across several countries in the region.
Middle East: A broad geopolitical region centered on western Asia and often including parts of North Africa. It is a wider and more politically variable frame than the Levant.
Fertile Crescent: A historically defined arc of fertile lands extending from Mesopotamia through the Levant. This broader geographic label includes much of the Levant’s ancient agricultural heartland.
Neolithic Revolution: The transition in several regions from foraging toward farming and settled life. The Levant was one of the early centers of this transition.
Levantine cuisine: A culinary tradition associated with the eastern Mediterranean, including dishes such as hummus and tabbouleh. Foodways offer a shared cultural lens on the region’s connected communities.
Mashriq: An Arabic geographic term for the eastern Arab world, with boundaries varying by usage. It overlaps with the Levant but can extend farther east and south.
Jordan River: A river flowing through the Levant into the Dead Sea. Its valley is a defining physical feature of the region.
Canaan: An ancient name for a region encompassing parts of the southern Levant. Canaan is a major historical designation for lands within the modern Levant.

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