Lewisite

Lewisite is an arsenic-based chemical warfare agent that causes blistering and systemic poisoning through skin contact, eye exposure, or inhalation.

Arsenic trichloride: Arsenic trichloride is a volatile inorganic arsenic compound and a precursor used in making Lewisite. It supplies arsenic and chlorine during Lewisite synthesis.
Winford Lee Lewis: Winford Lee Lewis was an American chemist associated with the development of Lewisite during the First World War. The agent was named after Lewis, who led the US research effort associated with its production.
Chemical weapon: A chemical weapon uses a toxic chemical to cause death, injury, or incapacitation. Lewisite is a chemical weapon whose effects and possession are subject to international control.
Sulfur mustard: Sulfur mustard is a blistering chemical warfare agent that alkylates DNA and other cellular molecules. Both agents blister skin, but sulfur mustard acts through alkylation rather than arsenic chemistry.
Arsenic: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid whose compounds can disrupt enzymes and damage multiple organ systems. Lewisite’s systemic poisoning reflects the toxicity of its arsenic content.
United States Chemical Warfare Service: The United States Chemical Warfare Service was the US military organization responsible for chemical-weapons research and operations. Its laboratories developed and manufactured Lewisite during the First World War.
Chemical Weapons Convention: The Chemical Weapons Convention is an international treaty that prohibits chemical weapons and requires their destruction. Its prohibitions cover Lewisite as a chemical-warfare agent.
Phosgene: Phosgene is a toxic gas that injures the lungs and can cause delayed pulmonary edema. Unlike Lewisite’s prominent skin and eye injury, phosgene primarily threatens the lungs.
Thiol: A thiol is an organic compound containing a sulfur–hydrogen group that can bind metals and participate in redox chemistry. Lewisite reacts with protein thiols, impairing enzymes and cellular defenses.
World War I: World War I was a global conflict fought from 1914 to 1918, marked by extensive industrial warfare. Lewisite was developed near the war’s end but did not reach the battlefield in time.

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