Lexicalization

Lexicalization is the process by which an expression becomes established as a conventional lexical unit. It can involve changes in meaning, form, or grammatical behavior.

Grammaticalization: The process by which words or constructions develop grammatical functions and often become more grammatical over time. Unlike lexicalization, it typically moves expressions toward grammatical rather than lexical functions.
Lexicon: The vocabulary of a language or the mental and grammatical representation of its words. Lexicalization concerns how expressions enter or change within this store of lexical knowledge.
Derivation: A word-formation process that creates a new lexeme by adding an affix or otherwise modifying a base. Derivation forms words through productive morphological rules; lexicalization concerns conventional establishment.
Phrasal verb: A verb combined with a particle, often producing a meaning not predictable from the verb alone. Some phrasal verbs function as established lexical units with specialized meanings.
Semantic change: Change in the meaning of a word or expression over time. Lexicalized expressions can acquire meanings that are no longer predictable from their parts.
Lexeme: An abstract vocabulary item encompassing its inflected forms and central meaning. An expression may become established as a lexeme rather than remaining a freely assembled phrase.
Compounding: A word-formation process that combines two or more lexical bases into a compound. Compounding creates a complex word, but does not by itself establish every compound as a conventional lexical unit.
Collocation: A habitual co-occurrence of words that speakers conventionally use together. Repeated collocations can become fixed expressions and, in some cases, undergo lexicalization.
Univerbation: The historical fusion of two or more words into a single word. It is one formal route by which a multiword expression becomes a lexical unit.
Multiword expression: A sequence of words that functions as a conventional unit in a language. Many lexicalization processes begin with expressions composed of multiple words.

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