LGBTQ history

LGBTQ history is the study and record of sexual and gender diversity, the lives and communities of LGBTQ people, and their struggles and achievements across societies and time.

Stonewall uprising: A 1969 uprising against a police raid on the Stonewall Inn in New York City, associated with the growth of modern LGBTQ activism. Its place in public memory illustrates how one event became a landmark in U.S. LGBTQ activism.
Sexology: The scientific study of sexuality, developed as a distinct field in the nineteenth century. Its classifications helped shape modern understandings of sexual identity.
Marsha P. Johnson: A Black transgender activist and performer associated with New York's LGBTQ community and the Stonewall era. Her life challenges accounts that erase transgender and Black participants from movement history.
Paragraph 175: A provision of the German Criminal Code that criminalized sexual acts between men from 1871 until 1994, with changing scope and enforcement. Its long history demonstrates how legal systems criminalized same-sex relations across political regimes.
Compton's Cafeteria riot: A 1966 San Francisco uprising by transgender people and others against police harassment at Compton's Cafeteria. It foregrounds transgender resistance that predates the better-known Stonewall uprising.
Third gender: A category for gender roles or identities that societies recognize beyond a binary of man and woman. It shows that gender categories have varied across cultures and cannot be reduced to modern Western labels.
Sylvia Rivera: A Latina transgender activist who advocated for homeless and low-income LGBTQ people in New York City. Her activism highlights conflicts over whose needs movements chose to represent.
AIDS activism: Organized efforts by people affected by HIV and AIDS to demand treatment, research, and public accountability. It shows how community organizing changed health policy and the conduct of medical research.
Mattachine Society: A U.S. homophile organization founded in 1950 that advocated for gay men and challenged discrimination. Its early organizing shows strategies used before the post-Stonewall movement.
Two-spirit: A contemporary umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans for culturally specific gender and sexual identities. Its modern use connects Indigenous self-determination with histories of gender diversity.

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