Li Yuanhong

Li Yuanhong was a Qing military officer who became provisional vice president of the Republic of China in 1912 and later served twice as its president.

Sun Yat-sen: Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who helped overthrow the Qing dynasty and became the Republic of China’s first provisional president. Li served as vice president under Sun during the Republic’s founding in 1912.
Hubei New Army: The Hubei New Army was a modernized Qing force stationed in central China before the 1911 Revolution. Li was an officer in this force, whose soldiers became central to the Wuchang uprising.
Republic of China: The Republic of China was the state founded in 1912 after the Qing dynasty’s collapse, governing mainland China until 1949. Li held its vice presidency and presidency during its unstable early decades.
1917 Manchu Restoration: The 1917 Manchu Restoration was Zhang Xun’s brief attempt to restore the Qing emperor in Beijing. The restoration crisis forced Li to leave the presidency and weakened the Beijing government.
Yuan Shikai: Yuan Shikai was a Qing general and Chinese president who briefly ruled as emperor before his death in 1916. Li succeeded Yuan as president after Yuan’s death, amid a struggle over central authority.
Wuchang Uprising: The Wuchang Uprising was the October 1911 revolt that began the Xinhai Revolution and hastened the Qing dynasty’s collapse. Revolutionaries pressured Li to lead the Hubei military government after the uprising.
Beiyang government: The Beiyang government was the northern Chinese government dominated by military leaders from 1912 to 1928. Li’s two presidential terms took place under this military-dominated government.
Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Civil War was the prolonged conflict between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party, culminating in 1949. Li’s era of fractured Republican rule preceded the later civil war by decades.
Feng Guozhang: Feng Guozhang was a Beiyang Army general and politician who served as vice president and president of the Republic of China. Feng became president after Li resigned in 1917, continuing Beiyang factional control.
Xinhai Revolution: The Xinhai Revolution was the 1911–1912 revolution that ended the Qing dynasty and established the Republic of China. The revolution transformed Li from Qing officer into a leading Republican official.

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