Linear perspective

Linear perspective is a geometric method for depicting three-dimensional space on a flat surface by projecting parallel lines toward vanishing points. It makes apparent size and spacing diminish with distance.

Central projection: A geometric projection that maps points in space onto a plane from a single viewpoint. Linear perspective is central projection applied to picture-making.
Filippo Brunelleschi: An Italian architect and engineer associated with early Renaissance experiments in linear perspective. His perspective demonstrations are traditionally credited with prompting the method’s development.
Euclidean geometry: The geometry of points, lines, planes, distances, and angles in flat or three-dimensional space. Perspective constructions use geometric relations among the viewer, scene, and image plane.
One-point perspective: A perspective construction in which one principal direction recedes toward a single vanishing point. It is the simplest common arrangement for representing a frontal space.
Isometric projection: An axonometric projection in which three coordinate axes are equally foreshortened and separated by equal angles. It keeps parallel edges parallel instead of converging toward vanishing points.
Vanishing point: A point where the image of a family of parallel lines converges in perspective. Its position encodes the direction of parallel lines relative to the viewer.
Leon Battista Alberti: An Italian humanist whose treatise De pictura gave a systematic account of perspective in painting. He described a practical geometric framework for constructing perspectival images.
Parallel lines: Lines in a plane that never intersect, maintaining constant separation. Their projected images can converge even though the spatial lines remain parallel.
Two-point perspective: A perspective construction in which two horizontal directions recede toward separate vanishing points. It depicts a corner-facing view of a box-like form.
Orthographic projection: A projection in which projectors meet the image plane at right angles, preserving parallelism. It represents dimensions without perspective’s depth-dependent size reduction.

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