Knowra Lithostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy classifies and correlates rock bodies by observable lithologic characteristics. Its units are defined by physical rock features, not by age or fossil content.
Lithology : The physical characteristics of rocks, including mineral composition, grain size, texture, and color. Observable lithologic traits are the basis for defining and distinguishing units.
Geologic mapping : The process of observing and representing the distribution of rocks and geologic structures on maps. Mapping tests whether lithologic distinctions define traceable units.
Chronostratigraphy : The branch of stratigraphy that organizes rock bodies according to the time intervals in which they formed. Its units are time-based, unlike lithostratigraphic units defined by rock character.
Subsurface geology : The study of geological structures and materials below Earth's surface, commonly using boreholes and geophysical data. Lithostratigraphic units organize interpretations between sparse subsurface observations.
William Smith : An English surveyor and geologist whose 1815 map of England and Wales showed the ordered distribution of strata. His regional mapping demonstrated the practical value of recognizing and tracing rock layers.
Stratum : A layer of sedimentary rock or sediment, generally distinguishable from adjacent layers. Individual strata can provide the building material for larger lithostratigraphic units.
Stratigraphic correlation : The process of establishing correspondences between rock units or stratigraphic intervals in different places. Lithostratigraphic correlation connects rock bodies using their lithologic similarities and relationships.
Biostratigraphy : The branch of stratigraphy that classifies and correlates rock strata using their fossil content. Fossil distributions, rather than lithology alone, define its principal units.
Petroleum geology : The study of the origin, migration, accumulation, and extraction of petroleum in geological settings. Rock-unit correlations help locate and characterize reservoirs, seals, and source rocks.
International Commission on Stratigraphy : The organization responsible for developing and maintaining international standards for stratigraphic classification and terminology. Its guidance sets international principles for defining and naming lithostratigraphic units.
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