Liu Shaoqi

Liu Shaoqi was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and statesman who served as chairman of the People’s Republic of China from 1959 to 1968. He was purged during the Cultural Revolution and died in custody in 1969.

Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist revolutionary who founded the People’s Republic of China and led it from 1949 until his death in 1976. Mao’s conflict with Liu over policy and authority culminated in Liu’s purge during the Cultural Revolution.
Chinese Communist Party: The political party founded in China in 1921 that has governed the People’s Republic of China since 1949. Liu joined the party in 1921 and became one of its leading organizers.
Chairman of the People's Republic of China: The constitutional office that served as China’s head of state before its replacement by the presidency in 1975. Liu held this office from 1959 until his removal in 1968.
Chinese famine of 1959–1961: A mass famine in China during the Great Leap Forward that caused tens of millions of deaths. Liu’s response to the famine’s devastation contributed to policy differences with Mao.
Deng Xiaoping: A Chinese Communist leader who later became China’s paramount leader and directed economic reforms beginning in the late 1970s. Deng and Liu were senior party colleagues; Deng was also purged during the Cultural Revolution and later rehabilitated.
May Fourth Movement: A 1919 Chinese student-led protest movement that opposed the Versailles settlement and inspired political and cultural activism. The movement’s political ferment formed part of the environment in which Liu became a revolutionary.
Chinese Communist Party Politburo: The senior decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party between its national congresses. Liu’s authority rested heavily on his position within the party’s top leadership.
Liu Shaoqi's death: The death in custody of former Chinese president Liu Shaoqi in 1969, after mistreatment during the Cultural Revolution. His death in custody marked the extreme personal consequences of his political persecution.
Wang Guangmei: A Chinese educator and political figure who was the wife of Liu Shaoqi. Her persecution during the Cultural Revolution accompanied the campaign against Liu and his family.
Chinese labor movement: The organized effort by Chinese workers to improve working conditions and assert political influence. Liu became a prominent organizer in the Communist-led labor movement during the 1920s.

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