Logic programming

Logic programming is a programming paradigm in which programs state facts and rules in formal logic, and computation derives answers by logical inference.

Horn clause: A logical clause with at most one positive literal, forming the basis of many logic programming languages. Logic programs commonly represent facts and rules as Horn clauses.
Predicate logic: A formal system for expressing relations among objects using predicates, variables, and quantifiers. Logic programming draws its representation of relations and variables from predicate logic.
Constraint logic programming: A form of logic programming that combines logical rules with constraints over domains such as integers or real numbers. It extends logical search with domain-specific constraint solving.
Imperative programming: A programming paradigm in which programs specify commands that change a program’s state. Logic programs state relations and goals rather than prescribing a sequence of state-changing commands.
Unification: A procedure that finds substitutions making two logical expressions identical. It matches a query with a rule head and binds variables during inference.
Fact (logic programming): A clause asserting that a relation holds for specified terms, without a condition. Facts supply the unconditional information from which program queries can be answered.
Datalog: A declarative logic programming language based on function-free rules and relations. Its restricted rules support efficient queries over databases and large graphs.
Functional programming: A programming paradigm that builds computation from function evaluation, often emphasizing immutable values. It derives answers through function evaluation rather than logical proof search.
SLD resolution: A goal-directed resolution procedure used to prove queries from Horn clauses. Prolog typically answers queries by repeatedly applying this inference strategy.
Rule (logic programming): A clause stating that a conclusion holds when one or more conditions hold. Rules encode the conditional knowledge that inference uses to derive new answers.

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