Lōʻihi Seamount

Lōʻihi Seamount, now named Kamaʻehuakanaloa, is an active submarine volcano southeast of Hawaiʻi. It is the youngest known volcano in the Hawaiian chain.

Hawaiian hotspot: A mantle plume that supplies magma to the Hawaiian volcanic chain as the Pacific Plate moves northwest. Its plume feeds the magma that builds Kamaʻehuakanaloa.
1986 Lōʻihi earthquake swarm: A major sequence of earthquakes beneath Lōʻihi Seamount in 1986, followed by evidence of volcanic activity. The swarm marked a major episode in the volcano’s monitored history.
Pacific Plate: A large tectonic plate carrying much of the Pacific Ocean floor and moving generally northwestward. Its motion carries Hawaiian volcanoes away from the hotspot that formed them.
Hawaiian-Emperor Bend: A pronounced change in direction in the Hawaiian–Emperor chain, recording a change in Pacific Plate motion. The chain’s geometry provides the larger tectonic context for the volcano’s position.
Seamount: An underwater mountain rising from the seafloor without reaching the ocean surface. Kamaʻehuakanaloa is a volcanic example of this submarine landform.
1996 Lōʻihi earthquake swarm: A large earthquake swarm at Lōʻihi Seamount in 1996 that accompanied collapse of its summit region. It revealed a dramatic episode of summit restructuring.
Mantle plume: A rising column of unusually hot mantle that can generate volcanism far from plate boundaries. A plume beneath Hawaiʻi supplies the heat and magma associated with the island chain.
Deep-sea ecosystem: An ecological community adapted to the cold, dark, high-pressure conditions of the deep ocean. Vent communities on Kamaʻehuakanaloa are distinctive examples of deep-sea life.
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain: A chain of volcanic islands and submarine mountains formed as the Pacific Plate moved over a mantle plume. Kamaʻehuakanaloa is the chain’s youngest known volcano.
Pele's Pit: A deep summit pit on Kamaʻehuakanaloa formed during the 1996 collapse event. Its formation is among the clearest observed changes to the volcano’s summit.

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