Long-exposure photography

Photography made with a shutter open long enough to accumulate light or render moving subjects as trails or blur.

Shutter speed: The duration for which a camera shutter exposes its sensor or film to light. Long exposures use unusually slow shutter speeds to gather light or capture motion.
Light painting: A photographic technique that records moving light sources or uses them to illuminate a scene during a long exposure. A moving light source traces visible shapes while the shutter remains open.
Aperture: The adjustable opening in a lens that controls how much light reaches the camera sensor or film. Changing aperture can compensate for the extra light collected by a long exposure.
High-speed photography: Photography that uses extremely brief exposures to resolve fast motion. It freezes movement that long exposures instead record as blur or trails.
Exposure value: A logarithmic measure combining aperture and shutter speed to describe photographic exposure settings. It helps compare long-shutter settings with changes in aperture and sensitivity.
Star trail photography: Astrophotography that records apparent stellar motion as arcs caused by Earth's rotation. Long exposures turn the night sky's apparent motion into curved trails.
ISO: A standardized measure of a camera system's sensitivity setting for recording light. ISO affects the exposure trade-off when selecting a slow shutter speed.
Multiple exposure: A photographic method that combines two or more exposures in one image. It accumulates separate captures rather than relying on one continuously open shutter.
Neutral-density filter: An optical filter that reduces the light entering a camera without intentionally changing its color. It permits longer shutter times in bright conditions without overexposing the image.
Night photography: Photography made in low-light conditions after dark. Long exposures are one way to record scenes that are too dim for brief exposures.

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