Louis de Broglie

Louis de Broglie was a French physicist who proposed that particles have wave-like properties, extending wave–particle duality from light to matter.

Matter wave: A wave associated with a material particle, with wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum. This is the wave-like aspect of matter that de Broglie proposed.
Davisson–Germer experiment: A 1927 experiment that observed electron diffraction from a nickel crystal. Its diffraction results provided direct evidence for de Broglie waves.
PhD thesis of Louis de Broglie: De Broglie’s 1924 doctoral dissertation proposing wave-like properties for matter. This thesis first set out the hypothesis that made him famous.
Classical mechanics: The framework of motion developed by Newton and later physicists for macroscopic systems. Unlike classical mechanics, de Broglie’s hypothesis assigns wavelengths to particles.
de Broglie wavelength: The wavelength associated with a particle, equal to Planck’s constant divided by its momentum. This relation gave de Broglie’s hypothesis a precise quantitative form.
Electron diffraction: The scattering of electrons into diffraction patterns when they encounter ordered structures. It reveals the wave behavior predicted for electrons by de Broglie.
University of Paris: A historic university in Paris, France, with roots in the medieval University of Paris. De Broglie submitted his doctoral work at the Sorbonne, then part of this university.
Geometric optics: An approximation to optics that models light as rays rather than waves. De Broglie’s analogy treated particles more like waves than ray-like classical objects.
Wave–particle duality: The principle that quantum objects exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. De Broglie extended this duality from light to material particles.
Electron microscope: An imaging instrument that uses electrons instead of light to resolve very small structures. Electrons’ short de Broglie wavelengths enable finer resolution than visible light.

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