Louis II of Italy

Louis II was a Carolingian king of Italy from 844 and emperor from 850 until his death in 875. His reign centered on defending Italy and asserting imperial authority, especially in southern Italy.

Emirate of Bari: A Muslim polity based at Bari that controlled parts of southern Italy from 847 to 871. Louis’s long campaign against Bari culminated in its capture in 871.
Lothair I: A Carolingian emperor who ruled the Middle Frankish kingdom from 843 until 855. Louis inherited Italy from his father, Lothair I.
Louis II of Germany: A Carolingian king of East Francia from 843 to 876 and Louis II of Italy’s uncle. Their similarly named reigns belonged to different branches of the Carolingian family.
Charles the Fat: A Carolingian ruler who became emperor in 881 and briefly reunited much of the empire. He was among the rulers who benefited from the unsettled imperial succession after Louis’s death.
Siege of Bari: The Frankish siege that ended Muslim rule in Bari in 871. It was the most consequential military success of Louis’s southern Italian campaigns.
Treaty of Verdun: The 843 agreement that divided the Carolingian Empire among the sons of Louis the Pious. Its partition established the political landscape in which Louis became king of Italy.
Charles the Bald: A Carolingian king of West Francia and emperor from 875 to 877. He succeeded Louis as emperor, despite Louis’s efforts to secure the succession for his own line.
Carloman of Bavaria: A Carolingian king of Bavaria and Italy, and eldest son of Louis II of Germany. He took the Italian kingdom after Louis II of Italy died.
Adriatic Sea: The Mediterranean sea between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkans. Control of Adriatic routes shaped Louis’s efforts to coordinate forces against Bari.
Louis the Pious: A Carolingian emperor who ruled the Frankish Empire from 814 to 840. Louis II was his grandson, born into the succession disputes that reshaped the empire.

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