Louis XVIII

Louis XVIII was king of France from 1814 to 1824, except during Napoleon’s return in 1815. His reign restored the Bourbon dynasty while retaining a constitutional charter.

French Revolution: A period of political and social upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799 that ended the monarchy and transformed Europe. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy Louis XVIII later restored.
Charter of 1814: A constitutional charter issued by Louis XVIII that established rights and a representative legislature while preserving royal authority. It defined the constitutional framework of Louis XVIII’s government.
Hundred Days: Napoleon’s brief return to power in France from his escape from Elba in 1815 until his defeat at Waterloo. Louis XVIII fled France during Napoleon’s return and resumed the throne after his defeat.
Napoleonic Empire: The French imperial regime ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte from 1804 to 1814 and briefly in 1815. Louis XVIII restored the Bourbon dynasty after replacing Napoleon’s imperial regime.
Louis XVI: King of France from 1774 until his execution in 1793 during the French Revolution. Louis XVIII was Louis XVI’s younger brother and successor in the Bourbon claim.
Chamber of Deputies: The lower chamber of France’s legislature under the constitutional monarchy established by the Charter of 1814. Its elected members shared legislative responsibilities under the Charter.
Second Treaty of Paris: The 1815 peace settlement that ended the Napoleonic Wars and imposed territorial and financial terms on France. It followed Louis XVIII’s restoration and fixed France’s postwar settlement.
Ancien Régime: The political and social order of France before the Revolution of 1789, centered on monarchy and legally distinct estates. Louis XVIII restored the dynasty but did not fully restore this pre-revolutionary order.
French First Republic: The French republican state established in 1792 after the monarchy was abolished. Its creation displaced the Bourbon monarchy and began Louis XVIII’s exile.
Chamber of Peers: The upper chamber of France’s legislature under the Charter of 1814, whose members were appointed by the king. It formed the appointed counterpart to the elected Chamber of Deputies.

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