Luc Montagnier

Luc Montagnier (1932–2022) was a French virologist who shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering HIV.

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi: French virologist who shared the 2008 Nobel Prize for discovering HIV. She led the Pasteur Institute team that isolated the virus with Montagnier.
HIV: A retrovirus that attacks immune cells and causes AIDS if untreated. This is the virus Montagnier’s team isolated and characterized in 1983.
HIV test: A laboratory or rapid test that detects HIV infection or evidence of it. Identifying HIV enabled tests that transformed diagnosis and blood-supply screening.
Robert Gallo: American biomedical researcher whose team independently identified a virus linked to AIDS. The dispute over discovery credit was settled through scientific and diplomatic negotiation.
Harald zur Hausen: German virologist awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize for discovering that human papillomaviruses cause cervical cancer. He shared the prize with Montagnier and Barré-Sinoussi for a separate discovery.
Retrovirus: A virus that copies its RNA genome into DNA using reverse transcriptase. Recognizing HIV as a retrovirus shaped how the isolate was tested and described.
Antiretroviral therapy: Treatment using drugs that suppress HIV replication and prevent disease progression. Recognition of HIV as the cause of AIDS made virus-targeted treatment possible.
HIV/AIDS denialism: The rejection of the established scientific evidence that HIV causes AIDS. Montagnier later made claims about HIV that diverged from scientific consensus.
Pasteur Institute: A Paris-based biomedical research foundation established by Louis Pasteur in 1887. Montagnier’s laboratory at the institute isolated the virus later named HIV.
Reverse transcriptase: An enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. Its activity in cultured lymphocytes provided evidence for a retrovirus.

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