Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus is the seventh and last king of Rome in Roman tradition. His expulsion was said to have ended the monarchy and founded the Roman Republic.

Rape of Lucretia: In Roman tradition, Lucretia’s rape by Sextus Tarquinius and her subsequent suicide helped trigger the monarchy’s overthrow. The assault attributed to Superbus’s son turns private violence into the immediate cause of revolt.
Tanaquil: A queen in Roman tradition, wife of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, remembered for political influence and prophetic insight. Tradition connects Superbus’s rise to power with his marriage into Tanaquil’s family.
Livy: A Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome from its origins through the early first century BCE. His narrative is a major surviving source for Superbus’s reign and expulsion.
Roman tyranny: The abuse of political power by a ruler, especially as represented in Roman accounts of the late monarchy. Superbus became the exemplary king whose coercion justified resistance.
Lucius Junius Brutus: A legendary Roman aristocrat credited with leading the revolt that expelled the kings and establishing the Republic. Brutus is the principal opponent who, in the tradition, drives Superbus from Rome.
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus: The fifth king of Rome in Roman tradition and the predecessor of Servius Tullius. Superbus belonged to the Tarquin dynasty associated with Rome’s final kings.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus: A Greek historian of the first century BCE who wrote a history of early Rome in Greek. His account provides a detailed parallel to Livy’s version of the Tarquin stories.
Regifugium: An ancient Roman festival held on February 24, whose name means “Flight of the King.” The festival was associated with the remembered expulsion of Rome’s last king.
Sextus Tarquinius: A son of Tarquinius Superbus, remembered in Roman tradition for raping Lucretia. His crime supplies the revolt’s personal and political catalyst.
Servius Tullius: The sixth king of Rome in Roman tradition, said to have been overthrown and killed by Tarquinius Superbus. His violent removal marks Superbus’s accession in the traditional account.

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Overthrow of the Roman monarchyBroader topic: His family’s conduct and alleged tyranny explain why the revolt targeted the monarchy.