Luigi Galleani

Luigi Galleani (1861–1931) was an Italian anarchist who advocated insurrectionary revolution and influenced radical Italian immigrant labor movements in the United States.

Carlo Tresca: An Italian-American anarchist and labor organizer who edited the newspaper Il Martello. Tresca shared the Italian immigrant radical milieu shaped by Galleani’s ideas.
Insurrectionary anarchism: An anarchist tendency that seeks to dismantle authority through revolt and direct action rather than political reform. Galleani made insurrectionary action central to his revolutionary program.
Italian anarchism: The anarchist movement and tradition that developed in Italy and among Italian communities abroad. Galleani became one of the most influential voices in this national anarchist tradition.
Cronaca Sovversiva: An Italian-language anarchist newspaper founded by Galleani in the United States in 1903. Its articles and circulation made Galleani’s revolutionary arguments available to immigrant workers.
Sacco and Vanzetti case: The prosecution and execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti for a 1920 robbery and murder in Massachusetts. The defendants’ Galleanist affiliations made the case a focus of political controversy.
Nicola Sacco: An Italian-born anarchist executed in 1927 with Bartolomeo Vanzetti after a controversial murder trial. Sacco belonged to the Galleanist current and was associated with its militant circles.
Propaganda of the deed: The use of exemplary violent or illegal acts to communicate revolutionary ideas and provoke revolt. Galleani’s writings debated and defended direct action within anarchist struggle.
First International: An international association of socialist and labor organizations founded in 1864. Its conflicts over authority and revolution helped shape the Italian anarchist movement Galleani inherited.
Galleanists: A loose current of Italian-American anarchists influenced by Luigi Galleani’s revolutionary politics. The current carried his ideas into militant circles, though membership and responsibility varied.
Wall Street bombing: A 1920 bomb attack in New York City that killed 38 people and injured hundreds. Investigators suspected Galleanist involvement, but the attack was never conclusively solved.

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Sacco and VanzettiRelated: Their association with Galleanist anarchism shaped official suspicion and public interpretation.