Luteal phase

The post-ovulation portion of the menstrual cycle, when the corpus luteum produces progesterone and the uterine lining becomes receptive to implantation.

Corpus luteum: A temporary ovarian structure formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone. It is the luteal phase’s main source of progesterone.
Menstrual cycle: Recurring hormonal and reproductive changes that prepare the ovaries and uterus for possible pregnancy. The luteal phase is the cycle’s post-ovulation segment.
Luteal phase length: The interval from ovulation to the start of the next menstrual period. Its duration is used to describe and assess the post-ovulation interval.
Premenstrual syndrome: A recurring pattern of physical and emotional symptoms in the days before menstruation. Symptoms typically arise during the late luteal phase and ease after bleeding begins.
Progesterone: A steroid hormone involved in menstrual-cycle regulation and the maintenance of pregnancy. Its rise after ovulation prepares and supports the endometrium.
Ovulation: The release of a mature oocyte from an ovarian follicle. It marks the transition from the follicular phase into the luteal phase.
Basal body temperature: The body’s lowest resting temperature, commonly measured immediately after waking. Progesterone can raise it after ovulation, helping identify a luteal temperature shift.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A severe form of premenstrual disorder involving prominent mood symptoms and functional impairment. Its symptoms are linked to the menstrual cycle’s luteal days.
Endometrium: The mucous membrane lining the uterus, which changes across the menstrual cycle. Progesterone transforms this lining into a more receptive state.
Ovarian follicle: A fluid-filled ovarian structure that contains a developing oocyte and hormone-producing cells. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum.

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