Luxemburgism

Luxemburgism is a revolutionary Marxist current associated with Rosa Luxemburg that emphasizes mass strikes and workers’ self-activity while opposing reformism and authoritarian party rule.

Rosa Luxemburg: Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish-German Marxist theorist, revolutionary, and political leader. Her writings and activism supplied the current’s central ideas.
Revisionism: Revisionism is the effort to revise Marxist theory, especially by favoring gradual reform over revolutionary transformation. Luxemburg’s polemic against Eduard Bernstein made opposition to revisionism a defining dispute.
German Social Democratic Party: The German Social Democratic Party is a German political party founded in the nineteenth century and historically rooted in the workers’ movement. Luxemburg worked within the party while challenging its increasingly parliamentary strategy.
Council communism: Council communism is a revolutionary socialist tradition that places workers’ councils above parliamentary or party rule. Its emphasis on workers’ direct power echoes Luxemburgist arguments about self-activity.
Mass strike: A mass strike is a large-scale work stoppage that can become a broader political movement. Luxemburg treated strikes as expressions and catalysts of workers’ collective initiative.
Leninism: Leninism is a revolutionary Marxist tradition emphasizing a disciplined party organized to lead the working class. Luxemburg criticized centralized party authority when it displaced workers’ independent political life.
Russian Revolution of 1905: The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of strikes, uprisings, and political unrest against the Russian Empire. Luxemburg drew on its spontaneous strikes to develop her account of mass action.
Workers' council: A workers’ council is an elected body through which workers organize and exercise political or workplace authority. Councils embodied the autonomous mass organization central to Luxemburg’s vision of revolution.
Reform or Revolution: Reform or Revolution is Rosa Luxemburg’s 1899 critique of attempts to reach socialism through gradual reform alone. It states her argument that reforms cannot replace the struggle to transform society.
Bolshevism: Bolshevism was the revolutionary faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party led by Vladimir Lenin. Luxemburg’s critique of Bolshevik restrictions on democracy marks a key boundary with her current.

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