Lymphocyte

A white blood cell that recognizes or destroys threats and coordinates immune defenses. The main types are B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.

B cell: A lymphocyte that can develop into antibody-secreting plasma cells or persist as a memory cell. B cells form the antibody-producing branch of lymphocyte immunity.
Antigen receptor: A molecule on an immune cell that binds a particular antigen or antigen fragment. B- and T-cell receptors give adaptive lymphocytes their distinctive recognition ability.
Vaccination: The administration of an antigen or genetic instructions to induce protective immune memory. Vaccines aim to generate durable B- and T-cell responses.
Neutrophil: A short-lived white blood cell that rapidly engulfs microbes and is abundant in acute inflammation. Neutrophils are common innate defenders, unlike lymphocytes' antigen-specific branches.
T cell: A lymphocyte that recognizes antigen fragments and coordinates immune responses or kills infected cells. T cells provide cellular recognition and control within the lymphocyte family.
Clonal selection: The expansion of lymphocytes whose receptors recognize a particular antigen. Antigen recognition selects and multiplies the matching lymphocyte clones.
Lymphoma: A cancer arising from lymphocytes or their precursor cells. Malignant growth can originate in lymphocyte lineages.
Monocyte: A circulating white blood cell that can enter tissues and differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Monocytes are myeloid cells rather than members of the lymphocyte family.
Natural killer cell: An innate immune lymphocyte that can kill infected or abnormal cells without prior antigen-specific sensitization. Natural killer cells are lymphocytes that act without the receptors used by B and T cells.
Somatic hypermutation: A process that introduces mutations into antibody genes in activated B cells. It can refine the antigen binding of B-cell descendants after activation.

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