Magnesium chloride

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound with formula MgCl₂, composed of magnesium and chloride ions. It dissolves readily in water and occurs in several hydrated forms.

Magnesium: Magnesium is a lightweight alkaline-earth metal with atomic number 12. Magnesium atoms form the divalent cations in MgCl₂.
Dissolution: Dissolution is the process by which particles of a substance disperse into a solvent. Water separates and surrounds the ions as magnesium chloride dissolves.
Deicing: Deicing is the removal or prevention of ice using physical methods or chemical agents. Magnesium chloride brine lowers water’s freezing point on roads and pavements.
Calcium chloride: Calcium chloride is an ionic compound with formula CaCl₂, commonly used as a desiccant and deicer. It serves similar moisture-control and deicing roles but contains calcium instead of magnesium.
Chloride: Chloride is the negatively charged ion Cl⁻, formed when chlorine gains an electron. Two chloride ions balance each magnesium ion’s +2 charge.
Hydration shell: A hydration shell is the layer of water molecules organized around a dissolved ion. Water molecules stabilize the separated Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
Dust control: Dust control comprises methods that reduce airborne particles from exposed soil or unpaved surfaces. Its hygroscopic brine retains moisture on treated surfaces and suppresses dust.
Sodium chloride: Sodium chloride is the ionic compound NaCl, commonly known as table salt. Its familiar chloride chemistry contrasts with magnesium chloride’s divalent cation and different hydration behavior.
Ionic bond: An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The attraction between Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻ holds the compound together.
Solubility: Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a specified solvent under stated conditions. Magnesium chloride’s high solubility follows from strong interactions between its ions and water.

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