Maithili

Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Bihar, India, and southeastern Nepal. It has a long literary tradition and is recognized as one of India’s scheduled languages.

Indo-Aryan languages: A branch of the Indo-Iranian language family spoken across much of South Asia. Maithili belongs to this branch, alongside languages such as Bengali and Nepali.
Mithila: A historical and cultural region spanning parts of northern Bihar and southeastern Nepal. Mithila is the homeland most closely associated with Maithili language and culture.
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India: A constitutional list of languages recognized by the Republic of India. Maithili’s inclusion in 2003 gave it formal recognition among India’s scheduled languages.
Bhojpuri: An Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and parts of Nepal. Bhojpuri is a neighboring language often grouped with Maithili under broad Bihari labels.
Mithila culture: The cultural traditions associated with the Mithila region of India and Nepal. Maithili is a central medium of expression within Mithila’s cultural traditions.
Eastern Indo-Aryan languages: A grouping of Indo-Aryan languages spoken mainly in eastern South Asia. Maithili shares historical and linguistic features with this regional grouping.
Mithilakshar: Another name for the Tirhuta script, historically used to write Maithili. Its use in older records documents Maithili’s written history.
Madhesh Province: A province in southeastern Nepal, located along the country’s southern border with India. Maithili is widely used in this province’s homes, public life, and local media.
Magahi: An Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in central and southern Bihar and nearby areas. Magahi shares Bihar’s linguistic landscape with Maithili but is a distinct language.
Madhubani painting: A style of painting associated with the Mithila region, traditionally made by women on domestic walls and paper. Its regional identity overlaps with Maithili-speaking communities, though the art is not limited to them.

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