Majapahit

Majapahit was a Hindu-Buddhist empire centered in eastern Java that flourished from the late 13th to the early 16th century. Its rulers shaped regional trade and politics across the Indonesian archipelago.

Raden Wijaya: Raden Wijaya founded Majapahit and became its first ruler, taking the throne as Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. He established the kingdom after defeating Mongol forces and outmaneuvering rivals in Java.
Hayam Wuruk: Hayam Wuruk was Majapahit’s ruler from 1350 to 1389, during its period of greatest influence. His reign, alongside Gajah Mada, is associated with Majapahit’s strongest political reach.
Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi: Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi ruled Majapahit from 1328 to 1350 and was the mother of Hayam Wuruk. Her reign preceded Majapahit’s peak and saw Gajah Mada’s rise to high office.
Paregreg War: The Paregreg War was a civil conflict in Majapahit, conventionally dated to 1404–1406. The war exposed succession rivalries and deepened divisions within the ruling house.
Demak Sultanate: The Demak Sultanate was an early Muslim state on Java’s north coast, prominent in the 15th and 16th centuries. It became one of the successor powers as Majapahit’s authority declined.
Kediri Kingdom: Kediri was a Hindu-Buddhist Javanese kingdom that flourished in eastern Java before Majapahit. Its defeat by Singhasari set the political sequence that eventually enabled Majapahit’s founding.
Gajah Mada: Gajah Mada was a Majapahit prime minister and military leader who served under several rulers. His campaigns and court authority helped extend Majapahit’s influence across the archipelago.
Mpu Prapanca: Mpu Prapanca was a Buddhist court poet and author of the Nagarakretagama. His poem is a central literary account of Majapahit under Hayam Wuruk.
Trowulan: Trowulan is an archaeological site in East Java associated with the capital of Majapahit. Its ruins, waterworks, and religious monuments provide material evidence of the court’s urban landscape.
Mataram Sultanate: The Mataram Sultanate was a Javanese Muslim kingdom that rose to prominence in the 16th century. Its rulers drew on claims of Javanese political inheritance associated with earlier kingdoms, including Majapahit.

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