Makassar Strait

Makassar Strait is a deep channel between Borneo and Sulawesi that connects the Celebes Sea with the Java Sea and carries a major branch of the Indonesian Throughflow.

Indonesian Throughflow: The system of ocean currents carrying water from the western Pacific through the Indonesian seas into the Indian Ocean. A major branch passes south through the strait, linking Pacific inflow to Indian Ocean outflow.
Borneo: An island in Southeast Asia shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. Its eastern coast forms the strait’s western boundary.
Panamax: A ship-size standard based on the dimensions of vessels able to transit the Panama Canal before its expansion. Draft and width limits influence which large vessels can use Indonesian routes through the strait.
2009 Sangihe earthquake: A major undersea earthquake near the Sangihe Islands that struck on 11 January 2009. Its regional shaking illustrates the seismic hazards surrounding the northern approach to the strait.
Ocean warming: The long-term increase in ocean temperature caused mainly by human-driven climate change. Warming may alter the strait’s water properties and the heat transported by regional currents.
Celebes Sea: A deep marginal sea of the western Pacific, bounded by the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi. It lies immediately north of the strait and supplies water flowing through it.
Sulawesi: An Indonesian island with a distinctive branching shape east of Borneo. Its western coast forms the strait’s eastern boundary.
Makassar Strait Bridge: A proposed bridge project intended to connect the Indonesian provinces of South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. The project illustrates the engineering and economic ambitions tied to crossing the channel.
2018 Palu earthquake and tsunami: A magnitude 7.5 earthquake and tsunami that devastated Palu and nearby areas of Sulawesi on 28 September 2018. It demonstrates the earthquake and tsunami risks on Sulawesi near the strait.
Marine heatwave: A prolonged period of unusually high ocean temperatures in a particular marine region. Such events can stress ecosystems in the strait and surrounding Indonesian seas.

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