Malaria vaccine

A vaccine that trains the immune system to reduce the risk of malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by mosquitoes. Licensed vaccines target the parasite species Plasmodium falciparum.

RTS,S: A recombinant malaria vaccine that targets the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. Its surface-protein design established the first malaria vaccine recommended for children in endemic regions.
World Health Organization: The United Nations agency that coordinates international public health guidance and standards. It recommends malaria vaccines for children in regions with malaria transmission.
RTS,S/AS01 clinical trials: The clinical studies that evaluated RTS,S with the AS01 adjuvant for safety and malaria prevention. These trials established its protective effect and informed its eventual recommendation.
Whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine: A vaccine approach using intact, weakened or otherwise controlled Plasmodium sporozoites to induce immunity. It presents a wider range of parasite antigens than the protein-based licensed vaccines.
R21/Matrix-M: A malaria vaccine combining circumsporozoite protein with the Matrix-M adjuvant. It uses a related antigen strategy with a different formulation and adjuvant.
Malaria vaccine implementation: The planning and delivery of malaria vaccination programs in countries where the disease is endemic. National programs determine which children receive doses and how vaccination fits existing services.
Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme: A World Health Organization-coordinated pilot evaluating RTS,S delivery in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. Its real-world evidence supported broader use of the vaccine.
Malaria chemoprophylaxis: The use of antimalarial drugs to prevent infection or illness in people at risk. Drug prevention protects through a different mechanism and remains necessary for many travelers.
Circumsporozoite protein: A major surface protein on Plasmodium sporozoites, the parasite stage transmitted by mosquitoes. Both licensed vaccines train immune responses against this sporozoite protein.
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Preventive antimalarial medicine given periodically to children during high-transmission seasons. It can complement vaccination where malaria risk rises predictably with the seasons.

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