Malik ibn Anas

Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795) was a Medinan Muslim jurist and traditionist whose legal teachings became the foundation of the Maliki school of Sunni Islam.

Hadith: Reports describing the words, actions, or approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. Malik transmitted prophetic reports and used them as evidence in legal judgments.
Practice of the People of Medina: The inherited religious and legal customs practiced by Medina's early Muslim community. Malik regarded this communal practice as especially authoritative evidence.
Medinan school of Islamic law: An early tradition of Islamic jurisprudence centered on the scholars and practices of Medina. Malik emerged from this scholarly environment and gave it lasting legal influence.
Maliki school: One of the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, founded on Malik ibn Anas's teachings. This school preserved and elaborated Malik's legal tradition.
Medina: A city in western Arabia that became an early center of Islam. Malik treated the inherited practice of Medina as a source of legal authority.
Maslaha: Consideration of public welfare in Islamic legal reasoning. Maliki jurists developed welfare-based reasoning within the legal tradition Malik founded.
Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar: An early Muslim traditionist whose reports from Ibn Umar were widely transmitted. Nafi was among Malik's most important sources for prophetic and early legal reports.
Sahnun: A ninth-century North African jurist who systematized Maliki law in the Mudawwana. Sahnun helped carry Malik's teachings into a durable North African legal tradition.
Fiqh: The human understanding and interpretation of Islamic law. Malik's work helped shape one enduring tradition of Islamic jurisprudence.
Istislah: A method of deriving rulings through consideration of public interest when no specific text settles a case. Later Maliki reasoning extended Malik's concern for the community's legal welfare.

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