Malingering

Malingering is the intentional production or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms to obtain an external benefit, such as avoiding work or gaining compensation.

Factitious disorder: A mental disorder involving deliberate falsification or induction of illness, typically without an obvious external reward. It also involves intentional symptoms, but lacks malingering’s external incentive.
Intent: A mental state in which a person acts purposefully toward a goal. Malingering requires deliberate symptom production or exaggeration.
Forensic psychiatry: The application of psychiatric knowledge to legal questions and proceedings. Evaluations may examine whether claimed symptoms affect legal responsibility or competence.
Illness anxiety disorder: A disorder involving persistent fear of having or acquiring a serious illness, usually with few or mild physical symptoms. Fear of illness is not the deliberate production of symptoms for external gain.
Somatic symptom disorder: A disorder involving excessive distress or behavior related to physical symptoms, which need not be consciously produced. Its symptoms are not intentionally fabricated for an external benefit.
External incentive: A reward or avoided consequence arising outside a person’s internal psychological experience. The prospect of an external benefit is central to the definition.
Disability evaluation: An assessment of how a health condition limits a person’s ability to perform work or daily activities. Claims can involve incentives to exaggerate impairment, requiring careful evidence-based assessment.
Conversion disorder: A neurological symptom disorder involving altered voluntary motor or sensory function that is incompatible with recognized neurological disease. Its symptoms are not intentionally produced to secure an external reward.
Feigning: The deliberate imitation or fabrication of a condition, behavior, or state. Malingering is a specific form of feigning directed toward external gain.
Differential diagnosis: The process of distinguishing among conditions that could explain a presentation. Malingering must be distinguished from disorders involving genuine or unconsciously produced symptoms.

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