Maṇḍana Miśra

Maṇḍana Miśra was an Indian philosopher associated with the Mīmāṃsā tradition and Advaita Vedānta. Later tradition portrays him debating Ādi Śaṅkara and becoming his disciple.

Mīmāṃsā: A Hindu philosophical tradition that interprets Vedic texts and defends the authority of Vedic ritual injunctions. Maṇḍana’s early philosophical framework emphasized Vedic authority and ritual action.
Brahmasiddhi: A Sanskrit treatise by Maṇḍana Miśra on Brahman, knowledge, and liberation. This is his principal work of Advaita Vedānta.
Ādi Śaṅkara: An Indian philosopher traditionally dated to the eighth century and associated with the consolidation of Advaita Vedānta. Later accounts make his debate with Maṇḍana a turning point in both philosophers’ lives.
Ritual action in Hinduism: Religious acts performed according to Hindu ritual traditions, often grounded in Vedic prescriptions. Maṇḍana’s Mīmāṃsā writings defend the significance of prescribed action against liberation through knowledge alone.
Advaita Vedānta: A Vedānta school that teaches nonduality between ultimate reality, Brahman, and the self. Maṇḍana’s later works are central to the development of nondual Vedānta.
Vidhiviveka: A Sanskrit philosophical work attributed to Maṇḍana Miśra that examines Vedic injunctions. It presents his analysis of the role and interpretation of ritual commands.
Śaṅkara–Maṇḍana debate: A celebrated traditional account of a philosophical debate between Ādi Śaṅkara and Maṇḍana Miśra. The debate is the best-known episode in Maṇḍana’s later biographical tradition.
Jaimini: The ancient author traditionally associated with the Mīmāṃsā Sūtras. His foundational text frames the Mīmāṃsā tradition in which Maṇḍana first argued.
Karma Mīmāṃsā: The Mīmāṃsā inquiry into Vedic ritual action, its interpretation, and its effects. Its account of ritual duty anchors the position Maṇḍana develops in his Mīmāṃsā writings.
Sphoṭasiddhi: A Sanskrit treatise attributed to Maṇḍana Miśra defending the linguistic theory of sphoṭa. It shows his engagement with theories of how words convey meaning.

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