Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with formula MnO, composed of manganese(II) cations and oxide anions. It has the rock-salt crystal structure.

Rock-salt structure: A crystal structure in which each ion is surrounded by six oppositely charged ions in an octahedral arrangement. MnO adopts this structure, with manganese and oxide ions occupying alternating lattice positions.
Ceramic glaze: A glassy coating fused to the surface of a ceramic object during firing. MnO can act as a colorant in glazes, with the resulting color depending on firing conditions.
Ionic bond: An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, often formed by electron transfer. The ionic model describes the attraction between Mn²⁺ and O²⁻ in MnO.
Johann Gottlieb Gahn: A Swedish chemist who isolated manganese metal in 1774. Gahn's work established manganese as an element, enabling its oxides to be identified as compounds.
Manganese(II): The manganese ion or oxidation state in which manganese has a formal charge of +2. MnO contains manganese in this oxidation state.
Manganese ferrite: A magnetic ceramic oxide with approximate formula MnFe₂O₄ and a spinel structure. MnO is a manganese source in routes for preparing manganese-containing ferrites.
Chemical formula: A symbolic expression showing the elements in a substance and their relative amounts. The 1:1 ratio in MnO reflects charge balance between Mn²⁺ and O²⁻.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele: A Swedish chemist known for discovering and investigating numerous chemical substances in the eighteenth century. Scheele studied manganese minerals and helped establish the chemistry surrounding manganese oxides.
Oxide ion: The oxygen anion O²⁻, formed when an oxygen atom gains two electrons. Oxide ions balance Mn²⁺ charges in the compound's formula and lattice.
Manganese oxide minerals: Naturally occurring minerals composed chiefly of manganese and oxygen, often with variable oxidation states. MnO is a simple member of the broader family of manganese oxides, though it is uncommon as a mineral.

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PyrolusiteRelated: Reduction of pyrolusite can produce this lower-oxidation-state oxide.