Manganese(II)

Manganese(II) is manganese in the +2 oxidation state, typically present as Mn²⁺ in compounds and aqueous solutions. Its high-spin d⁵ electron configuration gives many Mn²⁺ compounds distinctive magnetic properties and pale coloration.

Manganese: Manganese is a chemical element with atomic number 25 and a range of oxidation states. Manganese(II) is one of the element’s most stable and widespread oxidation states.
Manganese(III): Manganese(III) is manganese in the +3 oxidation state, commonly found in oxides and coordination compounds. Compared with Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺ is more oxidizing and often less stable in aqueous solution.
Manganese in biology: Manganese in biology is the use of manganese ions and compounds in organisms and biological processes. Biological manganese is commonly handled as Mn²⁺, including in enzymes and transport.
Rhodochrosite: Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with formula MnCO₃. Its manganese occurs in the +2 oxidation state.
Manganese toxicity: Manganese toxicity is harm caused by excessive manganese exposure, especially to the nervous system. Soluble manganese(II) compounds can contribute to exposure when ingested or inhaled.
Electron configuration: Electron configuration describes how electrons occupy atomic or molecular orbitals. Mn²⁺ has a half-filled 3d shell, giving it a high-spin d⁵ configuration.
Manganese(IV): Manganese(IV) is manganese in the +4 oxidation state, notably present in manganese dioxide. MnO₂ contrasts with soluble Mn²⁺ salts as a common higher-valent manganese form.
Manganese superoxide dismutase: Manganese superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Its active site cycles manganese between oxidation states, including Mn²⁺.
Manganese(II) sulfate: Manganese(II) sulfate is the ionic compound MnSO₄, usually encountered as a hydrated salt. It provides a well-known crystalline and soluble example of manganese(II).
Manganism: Manganism is a neurological disorder caused by chronic excessive manganese exposure. Accumulated manganese can disrupt brain function and produce movement and behavioral symptoms.

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