Manometer

A manometer measures pressure by balancing it against a liquid column or another reference pressure. Its reading commonly represents pressure relative to atmospheric pressure or the difference between two pressures.

Hydrostatic pressure: Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest under gravity, increasing with depth. The pressure difference is inferred from the height of the fluid column.
Pressure: Force exerted per unit area on a surface. A manometer is one way to quantify this physical quantity.
Barometer: An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. A barometer is a specialized liquid-column instrument whose reference is a vacuum rather than ambient air.
Bourdon gauge: A pressure gauge that uses deformation of a curved elastic tube to move a pointer. It measures pressure mechanically without balancing a visible liquid column.
Pascal's law: A pressure change applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid without loss. It explains how pressure applied at one end of a connected liquid column reaches the other.
Atmospheric pressure: The pressure exerted by the weight of Earth's atmosphere. An open-ended manometer uses atmospheric pressure as its reference.
Pitot tube: A probe that measures fluid flow speed by comparing stagnation and static pressure. A manometer can display the pressure difference produced by a Pitot tube.
Diaphragm pressure sensor: A pressure sensor that detects the deflection of a flexible membrane. Its elastic membrane replaces the manometer's fluid column as the pressure-responsive element.
U-tube manometer: A pressure-measuring device with a U-shaped tube partly filled with liquid. Its two liquid levels provide a direct visual measure of pressure difference.
Gauge pressure: Pressure measured relative to the local atmospheric pressure. Many manometers report how far a system's pressure differs from ambient air pressure.

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