Manuel Marulanda

Manuel Marulanda Vélez (1930–2008), born Pedro Antonio Marín, was a Colombian insurgent who co-founded and led the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

Jacobo Arenas: A Colombian communist organizer and FARC co-founder who helped shape the group’s ideology and political strategy. Arenas was Marulanda’s closest political partner in building and leading FARC.
La Violencia: A period of intense partisan violence in Colombia, conventionally dated from 1948 to 1958. Marulanda’s early armed activity grew out of this conflict between Liberal and Conservative forces.
FARC: A Colombian Marxist-Leninist guerrilla organization founded in 1964 and demobilized under a 2016 peace accord. Marulanda co-founded FARC and led it for decades as its principal commander.
Colombian armed conflict: A multidecade internal conflict involving the Colombian state, guerrilla groups, paramilitaries, and criminal organizations. Marulanda’s FARC became one of the conflict’s longest-running and most consequential insurgent forces.
Pedro Antonio Marín: The birth name of Colombian insurgent Manuel Marulanda Vélez. Marulanda was born Pedro Antonio Marín before adopting his better-known nom de guerre.
Marquetalia Republic: A rural armed enclave in Tolima, Colombia, associated with communist self-defense groups in the 1950s and 1960s. Marulanda became a guerrilla leader in the area targeted by the 1964 military offensive.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare in which smaller forces use mobility, concealment, and surprise against stronger opponents. FARC relied on guerrilla tactics while expanding its military and territorial reach.
2016 Colombian peace agreement: The agreement between the Colombian government and FARC that ended the group’s insurgency as an organization. It came eight years after Marulanda died and transformed the movement he had led.
Alfonso Cano: A Colombian communist guerrilla who succeeded Manuel Marulanda as FARC’s supreme commander. Cano inherited the leadership after Marulanda’s death in 2008.
Operation Marquetalia: A Colombian military campaign launched in 1964 against the armed enclave of Marquetalia. The offensive became a foundational episode in FARC’s account of its origins.

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