Manuel Pinto da Costa

Manuel Pinto da Costa is a São Toméan politician who served as the country’s first president from 1975 to 1991 and again from 2011 to 2016.

Fradique de Menezes: Fradique de Menezes is a São Toméan politician who served as president from 2001 to 2011. He held the presidency immediately before Pinto da Costa returned to office in 2011.
São Toméan independence: São Toméan independence ended Portuguese colonial rule on 12 July 1975. Pinto da Costa became president when independence was achieved.
Single-party state: A single-party state is a political system in which one party holds a legal monopoly on political power. Pinto da Costa’s first presidency governed through a one-party system.
Semi-presidential system: A semi-presidential system combines a popularly elected president with a prime minister responsible to a legislature. The system defined the constitutional limits of Pinto da Costa’s powers, especially after democratization.
Evaristo Carvalho: Evaristo Carvalho was a São Toméan politician who served as president from 2016 to 2021. He succeeded Pinto da Costa after the latter’s second presidency.
Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe: The Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe was the nationalist organization that led the country’s independence struggle. Pinto da Costa led the movement that became the ruling party at independence.
Democratization: Democratization is the transition toward political competition, civil liberties, and accountable government. Constitutional reform during his first presidency preceded multiparty elections in 1991.
Parliamentary republic: A parliamentary republic is a republic where government depends on the confidence of an elected legislature. It contrasts with the executive role of the presidency Pinto da Costa held.
Miguel Trovoada: Miguel Trovoada is a São Toméan politician who served as prime minister and president. A former ally turned rival, he became president after Pinto da Costa’s first period in office.
Portuguese colonial war: The Portuguese Colonial War was a series of armed conflicts against Portuguese rule in Africa from 1961 to 1974. The conflict weakened Portugal’s colonial system before São Tomé and Príncipe became independent.

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History of São Tomé and PríncipeRelated: He became the first president of the independent republic and led its one-party government.