Knowra Many-valued logic Many-valued logic Many-valued logic is a family of logical systems that use more than two truth values or a nonbinary range of truth degrees. Its systems generalize classical true and false in different ways.
Truth value : A value assigned to a proposition to represent its status in a logical system. Many-valued systems expand the set of values propositions can receive beyond true and false.
Łukasiewicz logic : A family of many-valued logics introduced by Jan Łukasiewicz, including systems with finitely many or infinitely many values. Its truth degrees and connectives provide a canonical graded account of possibility.
Jan Łukasiewicz : A Polish logician who developed a three-valued logic in the 1920s and later investigated infinite-valued systems. His work made future contingency a central motivation for adding a third value.
SQL NULL : A database marker indicating that a value is missing, unknown, or inapplicable. SQL's three-valued conditions show how unknown data can change query results.
Logical connective : An operation that combines or modifies propositions, such as negation, conjunction, or implication. Each many-valued logic defines how connectives act on its truth values.
Kleene logic : A three-valued logic with true, false, and an indeterminate value, used in reasoning about partial information. Its indeterminate value models statements whose truth is not yet settled.
Emil Leon Post : An American mathematician and logician whose 1921 dissertation studied systems with finitely many truth values. Post established a systematic early study of finite-valued propositional logics.
Three-valued logic : A logic with exactly three truth values, often used to represent indeterminacy or partial information. It supplies the general framework behind several practical unknown-value systems.
Truth table : A table specifying an operation's output for every combination of input values. Truth tables make a many-valued connective's behavior explicit.
Strong Kleene semantics : A three-valued semantics that extends classical connectives to an indeterminate truth value. It specifies how compound statements behave when some inputs are indeterminate.
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