Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist revolutionary who founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and led it until his death in 1976.

Zhou Enlai: A Chinese communist revolutionary who served as premier of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 until his death in 1976. As premier, he managed government and diplomacy under Mao while often moderating policy implementation.
Great Leap Forward: A Chinese campaign from 1958 to 1962 that sought rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization. Mao’s drive to accelerate production helped produce economic collapse and a catastrophic famine.
Mass line: A Chinese Communist Party method of gathering ideas from the masses, refining them through party analysis, and returning them as policy. Mao presented it as a way for party leaders to guide and mobilize the population.
May Fourth Movement: A Chinese intellectual and political movement that began with student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919. Its nationalism and iconoclasm helped shape the political milieu in which Mao became active.
Maoism: A form of Marxism-Leninism associated with Mao Zedong, emphasizing peasant revolution and continued class struggle. It codified ideas and strategies developed through Mao’s revolutionary practice and leadership.
Liu Shaoqi: A senior Chinese Communist Party leader who served as president of the People’s Republic of China from 1959 to 1968. Mao’s political campaign against Liu became a defining struggle of the Cultural Revolution.
Cultural Revolution: A political and social upheaval in China from 1966 to 1976, initiated by Mao Zedong. Mao mobilized mass campaigns to attack perceived opponents and restore his authority.
Yan'an Rectification Movement: A Chinese Communist Party campaign from 1942 to 1945 that disciplined members and established Mao’s ideological leadership. It helped make Mao’s interpretation of Marxism-Leninism dominant within the party.
Chinese Communist Party: The political party founded in China in 1921 that established and governs the People’s Republic of China. Mao rose through its ranks and made it the vehicle for his revolutionary project.
Marxism-Leninism: A communist ideology combining Karl Marx’s theories with Vladimir Lenin’s theories of party and revolution. Mao adapted this ideological tradition to China’s largely rural conditions.

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