Mario Capecchi

Mario Capecchi is an Italian-American geneticist who shared the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing gene targeting in mice.

Gene targeting: A method for altering a chosen DNA sequence by directing genetic recombination to a specific genomic site. Capecchi helped establish targeted recombination as a practical way to alter mouse genes.
Italy during World War II: The period of war, occupation, resistance, and civil conflict in Italy from 1940 to 1945. Capecchi spent part of his childhood separated from his mother amid wartime upheaval.
Martin Evans: A British biologist who isolated mouse embryonic stem cells and shared the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Evans supplied the stem-cell platform that made targeted genetic changes usable in mice.
Genetics: The study of genes, heredity, and variation in organisms. Gene targeting expanded genetics by allowing researchers to alter individual genes in living animals.
Mouse genetics: The study of inheritance, genes, and genetic variation in mice. Targeted mutations made mouse genetics a direct tool for testing mammalian gene function.
Homologous recombination: An exchange of DNA strands between molecules with matching or closely related sequences. Capecchi showed that this process could insert designed DNA changes at matching sites in mammalian cells.
United States: A federal republic in North America comprising fifty states and a federal district. After emigrating as a child, Capecchi built his scientific career in the United States.
Oliver Smithies: A British-American geneticist who shared the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for gene targeting in mice. Smithies independently demonstrated targeted gene modification in mammalian cells.
Mouse model: A laboratory mouse used to investigate biological processes or human disease. Targeted mice became models for studying gene function and disease mechanisms.
Functional genomics: The systematic study of gene and genome functions using large-scale experimental approaches. Targeted mutations offered a way to connect genes with biological roles.

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