Martin Heidegger

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) was a German philosopher whose analyses of existence, Being, language, and technology shaped twentieth-century continental philosophy. His association with the Nazi Party remains central to debates about his life and work.

Being and Time: Heidegger’s 1927 philosophical work analyzes human existence as a route into the question of Being. This unfinished book established the concepts most associated with Heidegger’s early philosophy.
Readiness-to-hand: Readiness-to-hand names the mode in which useful things are encountered through practical involvement. Tools ordinarily show up in use, before becoming objects of detached inspection.
Edmund Husserl: Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher who founded transcendental phenomenology. Heidegger studied with Husserl and adapted phenomenology while moving beyond its transcendental framework.
Hannah Arendt: Hannah Arendt was a political theorist who analyzed totalitarianism, action, and the conditions of public life. Arendt studied with Heidegger and later developed an independent political philosophy amid a complex personal history.
The Question Concerning Technology: The Question Concerning Technology is Heidegger’s essay arguing that modern technology is a way of revealing the world. The essay develops his account of technology as more than a collection of instruments.
Dasein: Heidegger’s term for the distinctive way of being of entities that understand Being, especially human beings. His analysis begins with Dasein rather than treating humans as detached subjects.
Thrownness: Thrownness is the condition of finding oneself already situated in circumstances one did not choose. It describes the inherited conditions from which Dasein projects possibilities.
Aristotle: Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher whose writings shaped logic, metaphysics, ethics, and natural philosophy. Heidegger’s early work reinterpreted Aristotle’s account of practical life and being.
Hans-Georg Gadamer: Hans-Georg Gadamer was a German philosopher best known for philosophical hermeneutics. Gadamer extended Heidegger’s account of understanding into a philosophy of interpretation.
Enframing: Enframing is Heidegger’s name for the modern technological ordering that reveals beings as resources available for use. It names the danger he finds in technology’s dominant mode of revealing.

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