Marxism–Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology combining Marxist analysis of class and capitalism with Lenin’s theory of revolutionary party organization and state power.

Marxism: A political and social theory analyzing history through class relations and the development of economic systems. Marxism–Leninism adopts Marx’s critique of capitalism and class struggle as its theoretical foundation.
Leninism: Lenin’s theory and political practice concerning imperialism, revolutionary organization, and the transition to socialism. Leninism contributes the organizational and strategic ideas that distinguish this synthesis.
Karl Marx: A nineteenth-century German philosopher and political economist who co-authored The Communist Manifesto and wrote Capital. Marx’s critique of capitalism and account of class conflict supply the synthesis’s theoretical core.
Social democracy: A political tradition pursuing social equality through democratic institutions, reform, and a regulated market economy. It generally seeks change through parliamentary reform rather than Leninist revolutionary party rule.
Soviet Union: A federal socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, led by the Communist Party. The Soviet Union became the doctrine’s first durable state model and principal center of influence.
Historical materialism: A theory that explains historical change through material conditions, production, and social relations. It supplies the framework Marxist–Leninist accounts use to interpret social change.
October Revolution: The Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia in October 1917, which established a revolutionary government. It became the founding example of a Leninist party taking state power.
Friedrich Engels: A German philosopher and socialist who collaborated with Karl Marx and helped develop and popularize Marxism. Engels’s writings helped shape the Marxist tradition Lenin inherited.
Anarchism: A political tradition opposing coercive hierarchy and advocating forms of voluntary, non-state social organization. Its rejection of centralized state power conflicts with Marxism–Leninism’s transitional state.
People's Republic of China: A state founded in 1949 and governed by the Chinese Communist Party. Its founding established a major Marxist–Leninist state beyond the Soviet Union.

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