Knowra Masculinity Masculinity Masculinity is a set of traits, roles, and identities culturally associated with men and manhood. Its meanings vary across societies, historical periods, and individual lives.
Gender : Socially organized identities, roles, and expectations associated with sex and gender categories. Masculinity is one culturally variable dimension of gender.
Gender socialization : The process through which people learn cultural expectations associated with gender. It transmits masculine expectations across families, schools, and communities.
Toxic masculinity : A critique of masculine norms that reward dominance, emotional suppression, or aggression when these cause harm. It distinguishes harmful norms from masculinity as a whole.
Raewyn Connell : An Australian sociologist known for influential research on gender relations and masculinities. Connell developed the framework of hegemonic and multiple masculinities.
Gender-based violence : Violence directed at people because of gender, gender identity, or gendered social expectations. Some masculine norms legitimize control and aggression, though violence has multiple causes.
Gender identity : A person's internal sense of their gender, which may or may not align with assigned sex. Masculinity can describe identity as well as socially expected behavior.
Hegemonic masculinity : A culturally dominant form of masculinity that legitimizes men's authority and gender hierarchy. It explains how one masculine ideal can authorize dominance over women and other men.
Inclusive masculinity : A theory describing contexts where reduced homophobia permits more varied and emotionally open masculinities. It contrasts restrictive masculine rules with settings that allow broader expression.
Masculinities (book) : Raewyn Connell's 1995 book analyzing gender relations and the social organization of masculinities. The book established a major framework for studying masculinity as plural and hierarchical.
Men's health : The study and practice of improving health outcomes for men and addressing sex- and gender-related factors. Masculine expectations can shape risk-taking, help-seeking, and emotional well-being.
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