Knowra Maslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs A theory of human motivation that arranges needs in levels, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. Its familiar pyramid is an interpretation of Maslow’s writings, not a diagram he created.
Abraham Maslow : An American psychologist who developed a humanistic theory of motivation and proposed a hierarchy of needs. His account of motivation is the source of the hierarchy.
Physiological needs : Bodily requirements for survival, including food, water, sleep, and breathing. Maslow placed these at the base of his proposed hierarchy.
A Theory of Human Motivation : Abraham Maslow’s 1943 article outlining a hierarchy of human needs and principles of motivation. This article first presented the theory in its influential form.
Work motivation : The forces that influence effort, persistence, and direction in employment. Managers have used the hierarchy to interpret workplace needs and incentives.
Humanistic psychology : An approach to psychology emphasizing human agency, personal growth, and the capacity for meaningful choice. The hierarchy grew from humanistic psychology’s focus on growth beyond pathology.
Safety needs : Needs for protection, stability, and freedom from serious threat. They follow immediate bodily requirements in the familiar ordering.
Motivation and Personality : Abraham Maslow’s 1954 book expanding his account of motivation, personality, and self-actualization. The book developed ideas that the brief hierarchy often compresses.
Marketing : The practice of understanding audiences and developing, communicating, and delivering offerings to them. The hierarchy has been used to organize consumer motives and advertising appeals.
Deficiency needs : Needs whose frustration produces deprivation and whose satisfaction can reduce that deprivation. Maslow grouped basic survival and security motives as needs arising from lack.
Belongingness and love needs : Needs for affection, intimacy, and membership in social groups. Maslow placed social connection above safety in the hierarchy.
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