Mast cell

A tissue-resident immune cell that releases histamine and other mediators during allergic reactions. Mast cells also contribute to defense against parasites, inflammation, and tissue repair.

IgE: An antibody class involved in allergic responses and defense against some parasites. IgE bound to mast-cell receptors lets allergens trigger rapid activation.
Anaphylaxis: A severe, rapid systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can impair breathing and circulation. Widespread mast-cell mediator release is a major driver of this emergency.
Hematopoiesis: The production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mast cells arise from hematopoietic progenitors before completing maturation in tissues.
Basophil: A circulating granulocyte that can release histamine and participate in allergic inflammation. Basophils share mediators and IgE-related functions but circulate rather than reside chiefly in tissues.
FcεRI: A high-affinity cell-surface receptor for immunoglobulin E. Cross-linking this receptor by allergen-bound IgE initiates mast-cell signaling.
Allergic rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal lining caused by an allergic response to inhaled substances. Mast-cell mediators produce the sneezing, itching, and congestion of early reactions.
Connective tissue: A tissue type that supports, connects, and surrounds other tissues and organs. Many mast cells reside in connective tissues near vessels, nerves, and barriers.
Eosinophil: A granulocyte involved in parasite defense, allergy, and inflammatory disease. Eosinophils often join allergic inflammation but are distinct from resident mediator-storing mast cells.
Degranulation: The release of stored cellular granules through fusion with the cell membrane. Mast cells rapidly discharge histamine and other stored mediators this way.
Mastocytosis: A group of disorders involving abnormal accumulation of mast cells in tissues. This disease directly reflects excess or atypical mast-cell populations.

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