Match fixing

Match fixing is the deliberate manipulation of a sporting contest’s result or events to secure betting gains or benefit a participant, team, or other party.

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Spot-fixing: The deliberate manipulation of a discrete event within a sporting contest, rather than its final result. A fixer may target a point, foul, or other event while leaving the winner unchanged.
Sporting integrity: The fairness, honesty, and trustworthiness of sporting competition and its governing institutions. Fixing undermines the belief that contests are decided by sporting performance.
2013 Calciopoli scandal: A 2006 Italian football scandal involving efforts to influence referee assignments and resulting league sanctions. It illustrates how manipulation can target officiating arrangements rather than a player’s actions during a match.
Match manipulation: Deliberate interference with a sporting contest or its surrounding conditions to obtain an improper advantage. The broader term includes conduct, such as deliberate underperformance, that may not determine a specific result.
Point shaving: The deliberate restriction of a team’s winning margin, often to affect a point spread. It changes a betting outcome without necessarily causing the team to lose.
Sports corruption: The abuse of authority or position in sport for private or improper gain. Match fixing is a form of corruption within sport.
Hansie Cronje match-fixing scandal: A cricket corruption scandal involving South African captain Hansie Cronje and illegal approaches to influence matches. The case exposed how senior players could be recruited to manipulate international cricket.
Doping in sport: The use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Doping seeks an illicit performance advantage, whereas match fixing manipulates a contest or its events.
Match-fixing syndicate: An organized group that coordinates the manipulation of sporting contests, often for betting profits. Syndicates can recruit participants and coordinate wagers across multiple markets.
Criminal investigation: The systematic gathering of evidence to determine whether a crime occurred and who was responsible. Authorities may investigate bribery, fraud, illegal gambling, or organized crime linked to a fix.