Max Theiler

Max Theiler (1899–1972) was a South African-American virologist who developed the first effective yellow fever vaccine and received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

17D vaccine: A live attenuated yellow fever vaccine strain developed by Max Theiler and his colleagues. Theiler’s most consequential vaccine strain became the basis of widely used yellow fever vaccination.
Live attenuated vaccine: A vaccine made from a living pathogen weakened so it usually causes immunity without causing disease. The 17D vaccine belongs to this vaccine class.
Rockefeller Foundation: A philanthropic organization established in 1913 that has funded public health, science, and education. Its International Health Division supported yellow fever research and employed Theiler.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: An annual international award recognizing major discoveries in physiology or medicine. Theiler received the 1951 prize for discoveries concerning yellow fever and its control.
Yellow fever control: Public-health measures that reduce yellow fever transmission, illness, and deaths. Theiler’s vaccine added durable immunization to mosquito control and outbreak response.
Yellow fever: A mosquito-borne viral disease that can cause fever, jaundice, bleeding, and organ failure. The disease Theiler’s vaccine was designed to prevent.
Viral attenuation: The reduction of a virus’s ability to cause disease while retaining its capacity to provoke immunity. Theiler’s vaccine depended on weakening yellow fever virus.
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research: A biomedical research institution founded in New York in 1901, now known as Rockefeller University. Theiler conducted much of his yellow fever research at this institution.
Frederick L. Gates: An American physician and bacteriologist who worked on yellow fever research at the Rockefeller Institute. Gates was among the collaborators in the research that led to the 17D vaccine.
International Health Division: The Rockefeller Foundation program that supported international public-health research and disease-control campaigns. Its yellow fever work helped carry vaccine research into international disease control.

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Yellow fever vaccineRelated: Theiler led the laboratory work that produced the attenuated strain.