Means of communication

Means of communication are methods, channels, or technologies that convey information between people or devices, from speech and writing to electronic networks.

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Communication: The process of transmitting information between entities through shared signs or signals. This broader process includes every method and channel used to convey information.
Speech: The production of spoken language through vocal sounds. Speech uses the voice and hearing to exchange information in real time.
Cave painting: An image made on a cave wall, often by prehistoric people. Cave images are early surviving examples of visual marks used to convey meaning.
Mass media: Communication channels that distribute information to large audiences. Broadcast and publishing systems extend messages beyond individual exchanges.
Face-to-face communication: Communication between people who share the same physical place and interact directly. It allows immediate feedback and nonverbal cues that mediated channels may not carry.
Language: A structured system of signs and rules used to express and understand meaning. Languages encode messages for spoken, written, signed, and digital communication.
Postal system: An organized service for collecting, transporting, and delivering physical messages and parcels. Postal networks move written messages through physical routes and delivery services.
Cuneiform: An ancient writing system made with wedge-shaped impressions in clay. Its development made administrative and other messages recordable beyond speech.
Broadcasting: The one-to-many transmission of audio or audiovisual content to dispersed audiences. Radio and television send the same message to many recipients at once.
Asynchronous communication: Communication in which messages are sent and received at different times. It contrasts with real-time channels by allowing delayed replies.