Medical imaging

Medical imaging uses physical signals and computational methods to create pictures of internal body structures and functions for diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment.

X-ray imaging: Imaging that forms pictures from X-rays attenuated as they pass through the body. Differential X-ray absorption creates familiar projection images of bones and organs.
Radiography: The production of images using X-rays transmitted through an object. Plain radiographs are widely used to examine bones, lungs, and other structures.
Ionizing radiation: Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms and molecules. X-ray and nuclear imaging use it, unlike ultrasound and MRI.
Contrast agent: A substance introduced into the body to alter the visibility of tissues or structures in an imaging examination. Contrast agents make selected vessels, organs, or lesions easier to distinguish.
Radiologist: A physician who specializes in interpreting medical images and performing image-guided procedures. Radiologists turn complex scans into findings that inform clinical decisions.
Computed tomography: Imaging that reconstructs cross-sectional pictures from measurements taken at many X-ray angles. Tomography turns multiple projections into detailed slices and three-dimensional views.
Mammography: X-ray imaging designed to examine breast tissue, especially for cancer screening and diagnosis. Specialized views help detect breast lesions that may be too small to feel.
Radiation dose: A quantitative measure of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in matter or tissue. Dose assessment balances useful X-ray information against potential harm.
Spatial resolution: The ability of an imaging system to distinguish small, closely spaced features. Resolution limits how finely anatomy or pathology can be seen.
Incidentaloma: An unexpected mass or lesion found during imaging performed for another reason. More sensitive scans uncover findings that may prompt follow-up without causing symptoms.

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