Medical residency

Medical residency is supervised postgraduate clinical training in a medical specialty after medical school. Residents care for patients while developing specialty-specific knowledge and skills under licensed physicians.

Graduate medical education: Formal clinical training for physicians after medical school, including residency and fellowship. Residency is the central stage of this broader system of postgraduate physician training.
Medical school: A professional school that educates students in medicine and prepares them for physician licensure. Residency begins after medical school and builds on its clinical and scientific education.
Internship (medicine): A period of supervised clinical training, often the first postgraduate year in systems that distinguish it from residency. The term can name a distinct first year or a stage incorporated into residency, depending on the country.
Board certification: A professional credential indicating that a physician has met a specialty board’s requirements. Residency completion commonly qualifies physicians to pursue certification in their specialty.
Internship (Australia): The supervised first postgraduate year for Australian medical graduates, typically undertaken in an accredited hospital. It is a defined early training year before many Australian doctors enter specialty training.
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education: A U.S. organization that accredits residency and fellowship programs and sets training standards. Its accreditation requirements shape many U.S. residency programs.
Medical student: A person enrolled in a program leading to a medical degree. Medical students become residents after graduating and entering postgraduate training.
House officer: A physician employed in a hospital while completing postgraduate clinical training. This role-based term overlaps with resident but is used differently across health systems.
Graduate medical education funding: Public and private financial support for postgraduate physician training programs. Funding determines how many residency positions institutions can support.
Foundation Programme: A two-year postgraduate training program for doctors in the United Kingdom. It provides broad early-career clinical training before most specialty pathways.

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