Mehmed V

Mehmed V was the 35th Ottoman sultan, reigning from 1909 to 1918 as the empire lost territory and entered the First World War.

31 March Incident: A 1909 uprising in Istanbul by soldiers and religious conservatives against the Ottoman constitutional government. The uprising prompted Mehmed V’s accession after his brother Abdulhamid II was deposed.
Abdulhamid II: The Ottoman sultan who ruled from 1876 to 1909 before being deposed by the Committee of Union and Progress. His deposition brought Mehmed V to the throne and ended his centralized rule.
Young Turk Revolution: The 1908 movement that restored the Ottoman constitution and parliamentary government after decades of suspension. Its constitutional settlement shaped the political system Mehmed V inherited.
Armenian genocide: The mass deportation and killing of Armenians by the Ottoman government during the First World War, chiefly in 1915–1916. It occurred under the wartime government that ruled during Mehmed V’s sultanate.
Coup d'état of 1913: The Committee of Union and Progress seized power in Istanbul in January 1913, establishing an authoritarian government. The coup left Mehmed V as a largely ceremonial sovereign under Unionist control.
Enver Pasha: An Ottoman military officer and leading Committee of Union and Progress figure who became war minister in 1914. Enver and his colleagues directed wartime policy while Mehmed V remained sultan.
Second Constitutional Era: The period of Ottoman parliamentary government from the restoration of the constitution in 1908 until the empire’s dissolution. Mehmed V reigned throughout this era, when constitutional institutions limited royal government.
Arab Revolt: An uprising against Ottoman rule in 1916, led by Sharif Hussein of Mecca and supported by Britain. The revolt further weakened Ottoman authority during Mehmed V’s final years.
Italo-Turkish War: A 1911–1912 war in which Italy seized Ottoman territories in North Africa and the Dodecanese. The war marked major territorial losses early in Mehmed V’s reign.
Talaat Pasha: An Ottoman statesman and Committee of Union and Progress leader who served as grand vizier from 1917 to 1918. Talaat’s government exercised executive power late in Mehmed V’s reign.

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